![]() ![]() Psychiatrists in Britain introduced the “therapeutic community” into hospital wards across the country. The Great Depression forced a return to confinement in ever larger institutions, but the post-WWII northern European social psychiatry revolution, that preceded the introduction of antipsychotic drugs, precipitated many important new developments – unlocking the asylum doors, abolishing mechanical restraints, and demonstrating the advantages of work therapy and early discharge from hospital. These principles of moral management were lost during the late nineteenth-century era of large asylums, but the consumer-driven US mental hygiene movement of the 1920s reintroduced the notion of therapeutic optimism, established institutional reforms, and demonstrated the importance of collaborating with leaders in many branches of community work, such as religion, education and law. The approach generated great optimism in the early 1800s that early treatment in a properly constructed environment would result in a large number of cures. Moral management, made vivid by the images of Pinel striking the chains from the in-mates of the Bicêtre asylum in 1793, but better illustrated by William Tuke’s contemporaneous development of the York Retreat, brought us the principle that patients’ self-control can be enhanced by minimal use of coercion, by respectful treatment in a home-like environment and by rewards rather than punishment. The very best treatment approaches available will not thrive in a therapeutic setting that neglects the values on which they are based. The fact that these values have been rediscovered on several occasions makes it clear that they have been periodically abandoned, so we need to understand how critical these values are to the work that needs to be done. These principles, set out in the table to the right, have been “rediscovered” in several social movements in psychiatry over the past two centuries, the latest being the Recovery Model. The rehabilitation field, however, is more than a series of programs: the approach is based on a set of values or principles that we have inherited from 200 years of social psychiatry. Psychiatric rehabilitation offers a number of models, refined over decades of research and practice, that aim to improve the social inclusion of people with mental illness and to reduce the symptoms of illness and the handicaps they produce. Alternatives to Hospitals for Acute Treatment.Psychotherapy & Other Treatments for Bipolar Disorder. ![]() ![]() Socialization & Recreational Activities.Family and Client Feedback Survey Results.Direct Admission Transitional Living Program.Direct Admission Intensive Outpatient Programs.To learn more about what the seven key principles look like and don't look like, view this guide. Agreed upon mission and key principles for providing early intervention services in natural environments. Workgroup on Principles and Practices in Natural Environments, OSEP TA Community of Practice: Part C Settings. Please use the following when citing this work: Interventions with young children and family members must be based on explicit principles, validated practices, best available research, and relevant laws and regulations.The family's priorities, needs and interests are addressed most appropriately by a primary provider who represents and receives team and community support.Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) outcomes must be functional and based on children's and families' needs and family-identified priorities.The early intervention process, from initial contacts through transition, must be dynamic and individualized to reflect the child's and family members' preferences, learning styles and cultural beliefs.The primary role of a service provider in early intervention is to work with and support family members and caregivers in children's lives.All families, with the necessary supports and resources, can enhance their children's learning and development. ![]()
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